After the State Office for Services to Children and Families (SOSCF) took child into protective custody and placed him in foster care, mother several times agreed to go through detoxification and drug treatment programs. Each time, she either did not start the program or she quit shortly after starting. Two months after child went into foster care, mother stopped visiting him and had no contact with him for eight months. SOSCF filed a petition seeking termination of mother's rights. One month later, mother voluntarily entered a detoxification facility and residential drug treatment program. At the time of the termination hearing, she had completed the residential program, had been drug-free for four months, and was living in a "recovery house" where she was continuing to live drug-free and learning to cope without drugs. Predictions about her potential for lasting success were mixed. Individuals involved in mother's recovery had seen a dramatic change in her and were guardedly optimistic. The psychologist who evaluated mother for SOSCF believed that, in light of mother's history, her limited insights into her problems and the impact of them on child, her recent success in treatment could not be construed as significant progress or an indication of permanent change.

In terminating mother's parental rights based on unfitness, ORS 419B.504, the trial court found that, despite mother's recent success in treating her drug addiction, "integration of the child into the mother's home is improbable within a reasonable time." On appeal, mother takes issue with that finding. Relying on State ex rel SOSCF v. Armijo, 151 Or App 666, 950 P2d 357 (1997), she argues that given her success in the residential treatment program, her four months of remaining drug-free, and the optimism of some of the people in the program about her potential for lasting success, the state failed to carry its burden of proof on the point by clear and convincing evidence. In response, the state argues that Armijo is distinguishable on its facts. The state also points out that Armijo was decided when the statute required a showing that reintegration is improbable "in the foreseeable future." ORS 419B.504 (1995); see State ex rel SOSCF v. Wilcox, 162 Or App 567, 575-76, 986 P2d 1172 (1999) (concluding that former statutory standard focused on the parent's conduct and whether it was likely to change in the foreseeable future). The statute now requires reintegration to be improbable "within a reasonable time" and defines that to mean "a period of time that is reasonable given a child's emotional and developmental needs and ability to form and maintain lasting attachments." ORS 419B.504 (1997); ORS 419A.004(17).⁽¹⁾

Before taking the case under advisement and reviewing the trial court file and the pleadings, we were unaware that in terminating mother's rights, the trial court relied on two independent grounds.⁽²⁾ In addition to unfitness, the trial court also granted the petition on the ground of neglect, finding that, without reasonable and lawful cause, mother had failed to provide for child's basic physical and psychological needs for six months prior to the filing of the petition. Mother's challenge on appeal, however, bears only on the unfitness determination. Neglect, unlike unfitness, does not require a showing that it is improbable that the child can be reintegrated into the parent's home within a reasonable time. Compare ORS 419B.504 (unfitness) with ORS 419B.506 (neglect).

Thus, mother's appeal raises no challenge to the termination of her parental rights on the independent and adequate ground of neglect. Nor did the record, in the course of our review of the issue that mother did raise, reveal any basis for such a challenge. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment without addressing mother's challenge to the juvenile court's ruling on unfitness.

Affirmed.

1. The state did not address the statutory change in its brief but did so at oral argument. The trial court, in distinguishing Armijo in its order, specifically considered the change in the statutory standard and relied on it, as well as on factual distinctions that it found between this case and Armijo.

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2. In describing the judgment in the statement of the case, appellant's brief described it only as a judgment that "terminated the parental rights of the mother" and permanently committed child to SOSCF's care, custody, and control. Appellant's brief was similarly generic in describing the nature of the proceeding. It stated simply that the state "filed and proceeded based upon ORS 419B.200 et seq." Although the brief appended the trial court's termination order, that order did not specify the grounds for termination but, rather, cross-referenced the relevant paragraphs in the petition. The petition was not appended to either of the parties' briefs nor contained in an abstract in appellant's brief. Thus, until we reviewed the file and the pleadings, nothing made it apparent (and the parties did not tell us) that the petition had been filed on three independent grounds--unfitness, neglect, and abandonment--and had been granted on two of those three grounds--unfitness and neglect.

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